Achilles Tendon Disorders
The Achilles tendon (heel cord) is a strong fibrous band that connects the calf muscle to the calcaneus (heel bone). It functions to lift the heel from the ground. It is also responsible for the movement in which the top of your foot points forward, away from the leg. Commonly, this is the motion that is utilized when pressing down on a gas pedal.
Achilles tendonitis is the inflammation of the Achilles tendon. Over time it may lead to degeneration of the tendon which is known as Achilles tendinosis with micro-tears in the tendon. In some cases, this can lead to rupture of the tendon.
The most common cause of this disorder is overuse. It is commonly associated with a sudden increase in repetitive activity which causes increase stress on the tendon leading to injury. People whose workplaces more stress on their feet and ankles are at increased risk of rupture.
Therefore, athletes, laborers, and weekend warriors- those who are less conditioned and participate in athletics only on weekends- are at high risk for developing this condition.
Another common cause of this disorder is improper foot gear.
Symptoms:
Diagnosis:
The foot and ankle specialist will ask about symptoms. Careful examination of the Achilles tendon for any irregular contour, prominence, and swelling will be conducted. Overall, the foot and ankle structure, muscle strength, joint motion and integrity of the Achilles tendon will be examined.
X-rays and ultrasound are routinely performed. If there is ongoing pain and inflammation, other advanced imaging modalities such as an MRI are commonly used to further evaluate the condition.
Treatment:
The goal is to relieve the symptoms.
The Achilles tendon (heel cord) is a strong fibrous band that connects the calf muscle to the calcaneus (heel bone). It functions to lift the heel from the ground. It is also responsible for the movement in which the top of your foot points forward, away from the leg. Commonly, this is the motion that is utilized when pressing down on a gas pedal.
Achilles tendonitis is the inflammation of the Achilles tendon. Over time it may lead to degeneration of the tendon which is known as Achilles tendinosis with micro-tears in the tendon. In some cases, this can lead to rupture of the tendon.
The most common cause of this disorder is overuse. It is commonly associated with a sudden increase in repetitive activity which causes increase stress on the tendon leading to injury. People whose workplaces more stress on their feet and ankles are at increased risk of rupture.
Therefore, athletes, laborers, and weekend warriors- those who are less conditioned and participate in athletics only on weekends- are at high risk for developing this condition.
Another common cause of this disorder is improper foot gear.
Symptoms:
- Pain commonly along the course of the tendon or at the insertion on the bone. Additionally, the pain worsens with ambulation and resolves with rest
- Tenderness and discomfort from side-to-side squeeze of the tendon
- As the disorder worsens, the tendon may enlarge and develop nodules (bumps) at the location of injury
Diagnosis:
The foot and ankle specialist will ask about symptoms. Careful examination of the Achilles tendon for any irregular contour, prominence, and swelling will be conducted. Overall, the foot and ankle structure, muscle strength, joint motion and integrity of the Achilles tendon will be examined.
X-rays and ultrasound are routinely performed. If there is ongoing pain and inflammation, other advanced imaging modalities such as an MRI are commonly used to further evaluate the condition.
Treatment:
The goal is to relieve the symptoms.
- Immobilization
- Ice
- Medications: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen. In certain cases, oral steroids may be used.
- Physical therapy
- Orthotics/Inserts/night splints
- Rest: perform other activities that are less impactful on the foot