Ankle Sprain
An ankle sprain is defined as either a stretch or tear of a ligament in the ankle. A ligament is a band of tissue that connects one bone to another and helps to maintain the rigidity of a joint. Function of ankle ligaments is to provide stability of the joint by limiting side to side movement, essentially acting like a seatbelt.
The severity of an ankle sprain is dependent on whether the ligament is stretched, partially torn, or fully torn.
Causes:
Most commonly, ankle sprains result from a sudden twist that forces the ankle joint out of its normal position. It can occur while playing sports, wearing improper shoe gear, or running/walking on an uneven surface. In some rare cases, it can be congenital.
Symptoms
Why medical attention is needed
Diagnosis
The foot and ankle specialist will evaluate the ankle and make appropriate diagnosis and treatment. X-rays are routinely performed. In some cases, further advanced testing is performed.
Non-surgical treatments:
When surgery is needed:
A foot and ankle specialist will review all risks, benefits, and alternative treatments in great detail and choose the best procedure to repair or reconstruct the damaged ligament(s). The treatment is tailored based on each individual's level of activity and severity of injury
An ankle sprain is defined as either a stretch or tear of a ligament in the ankle. A ligament is a band of tissue that connects one bone to another and helps to maintain the rigidity of a joint. Function of ankle ligaments is to provide stability of the joint by limiting side to side movement, essentially acting like a seatbelt.
The severity of an ankle sprain is dependent on whether the ligament is stretched, partially torn, or fully torn.
Causes:
Most commonly, ankle sprains result from a sudden twist that forces the ankle joint out of its normal position. It can occur while playing sports, wearing improper shoe gear, or running/walking on an uneven surface. In some rare cases, it can be congenital.
Symptoms
- Pain
- Swelling
- Bruising
- Difficulty walking
- Stiffness
Why medical attention is needed
- Untreated ankle sprains can lead to chronic ankle instability and other troubling complications
- Sometimes an ankle sprain can mask an ankle fracture. If an ankle fracture is left untreated troubling complications may arise
- Mainstay of therapy is based on early rehabilitation, if it is delayed it can cause balance issues
Diagnosis
The foot and ankle specialist will evaluate the ankle and make appropriate diagnosis and treatment. X-rays are routinely performed. In some cases, further advanced testing is performed.
Non-surgical treatments:
- Rest: stay off the injured area
- Ice: Ice the ankle with a cloth between the ice and the skin.
- Compression : wrap the foot with an ACE bandage
- Elevation: elevate the ankle on 2 pillows or above the level of the heart
- Early Physical therapy
- Medication: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen. In some cases, oral steroids may be used.
- immobilization/ ankle brace
When surgery is needed:
A foot and ankle specialist will review all risks, benefits, and alternative treatments in great detail and choose the best procedure to repair or reconstruct the damaged ligament(s). The treatment is tailored based on each individual's level of activity and severity of injury